What Is Markup?
Markup is the percentage added to the cost of an item to determine its selling price. If something costs you $50 to produce or buy, and you apply a 40% markup, you're adding 40% of that cost on top to arrive at your selling price — in this case, $70.
The Formula
Profit is simply the difference between the two:
Worked Example
Example: A product that costs $50 with a 40% markup
Step 1: Convert markup to decimal → 40 ÷ 100 = 0.40
Step 2: Selling Price = $50 × (1 + 0.40) = $50 × 1.40 = $70
Step 3: Profit = $70 − $50 = $20
Markup vs. Margin: A Common Mix-Up
Markup and profit margin sound like they should be the same thing, since they're both about profit as a percentage — but they're calculated from different bases, and mixing them up can lead to pricing mistakes.
| Markup | Margin | |
|---|---|---|
| Formula base | Cost price | Selling price |
| Formula | (Profit ÷ Cost) × 100 | (Profit ÷ Selling Price) × 100 |
| On the $50→$70 example | ($20 ÷ $50) × 100 = 40% | ($20 ÷ $70) × 100 ≈ 28.6% |
Notice the same $20 profit produces a 40% markup but only a 28.6% margin — because markup is calculated against the smaller cost figure, while margin is calculated against the larger selling price. This is a genuinely common source of pricing errors: setting a "40% margin" using the markup formula by mistake results in a lower actual profit margin than intended.
Working the other direction — a price cut instead?
Try the Discount Calculator
Calculator Wizard